RR Riccardo Rao
01
Leadership

Thinking out loud.

What you'll find: what I think is actually going on in power, business and the economy — published in the state it's really in. Every argument carries a label, so you know how much weight to give it. Leading with words means being willing to be wrong in public.

Everyone priced the panels. Nobody priced the wires.

A decade of capex went into generation while interconnection queues quietly became the binding constraint. The re-rating isn't in solar — it's in cable, switchgear, and anyone who can pour concrete near a substation.

Conviction 9 min

The productivity story is a margin story in a costume

Firms reporting "AI gains" are mostly reporting headcount they quietly didn't rehire. Worth separating before we call it a supply-side miracle.

TestingMar

Europe's problem isn't capital, it's the exit

There is money. What's missing is somewhere to sell a company that isn't a US strategic buyer at a 40% discount to Nasdaq comps.

ConvictionFeb

CBDCs solve a problem central banks don't have

From my thesis, revisited three years on. The monetary-policy case was always thin; the tax-enforcement case is the one nobody says out loud.

ConvictionFeb

Is "friendshoring" just a costlier inventory policy?

Half-formed. I can't yet separate resilience from rent-seeking in the numbers, and I'd rather not pretend otherwise.

Half-bakedJan

Danish pension funds are Europe's most interesting investors

Long duration, real assets, genuinely patient. They're doing what sovereign wealth funds only claim to do.

TestingJan

Capex cycles are political before they're economic

Testing whether permitting speed predicts industrial investment better than the cost of capital does. Early signs say yes, uncomfortably.

TestingDec

Half-baked

An instinct I can't yet defend with numbers. Published so I can be argued out of it early.

Testing

A real hypothesis with a way to be wrong. I'm actively looking for the disconfirming case.

Conviction

I've done the work and I'm willing to be judged on it. Where it touches money, it shows up in section 02.

55.6°N 12.6°E · NORDICS
The quiet leverage
  • Grid interconnection as foreign policy
  • Pension capital going direct
  • Greenland — and who keeps asking
50.8°N 4.4°E · BRUSSELS
Rules as exports
  • CBAM's second-order effects
  • Capital markets union, attempt four
  • Defence procurement, finally joint
25.3°N 51.5°E · THE GULF
Buying the transition
  • Sovereign funds as kingmakers
  • Hydrogen promises vs. actual FIDs
  • Ports, again
23.7°N 120.9°E · TAIWAN STRAIT
The single point of failure
  • Fab concentration risk
  • What "de-risking" costs in margin
  • Insurance markets as the tell

Follow the binding constraint

Most forecasts describe what actors want. The useful question is what they physically cannot do — permits, ports, fabs, transformers.

Leverage decays when it's used

A threat you carry out is a threat you no longer have. Energy cut-offs and export controls are wasting assets, and states price them accordingly.

Watch who insures it

Insurance and shipping rates price geopolitical risk earlier and more honestly than equity markets do. They're the tell.

Budgets are revealed preference

Strategy documents are cheap. The line item that survives a spending review is the one the state actually believes in.